英语宾语从句知识点总结。that, if或whether引导的宾语从句

将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1. You spend too much time playing games.

I think （ ） too much time playing games.

2. Light travels much faster than sound.

Our Physics teacher said （ ） much faster than sound.

3. Does Jane like eating cream?

Tony asked （ ） eating cream.

4. Will Miss Green go to the concert this afternoon?

The students wonder （ ） to the concert this afternoon.

5. Is the new student from London?

Do you know （ ） from London?

Key:

1. that you spend

2. that light travels

3. if/whether Jane liked 4. if/whether Miss Green will go

5. if/whether the new student is

归纳总结

在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。连接词、语序和时态是宾语从句的三个重要要素。

连接词

◆ 陈述句在复合句中作宾语时，由that引导(常可省略)。如：

I think (that) Jenny knows the answer. 我觉得珍妮知道答案。

◆ 一般疑问句在复合句中作宾语时，常由if 或whether引导。如：

I wonder if/whether you can help us. 我想知道你能不能帮我们。

语序

宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”。如：

Could you tell me if you will come to my house for dinner? 你能告诉我你会不会来我家吃饭吗？

时态

◆ 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可根据需要选用相应的时态。如：

We are sure that Li Peng will succeed at last. 我们确定李鹏最终会成功。

She doesn’t know that she lost her purse. 她不知道她丢了钱包。

◆ 当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句通常用表示过去的某种时态。如：

Lucy said that she wanted to stay at home. 露西说她想呆在家里。

Michael said he would go to the party the next day. 迈克尔说他第二天会去参加派对。

◆ 当宾语从句表示客观真理或自然现象时，不管主句是什么时态，从句通常用一般现在时。如：Mr Wang told us that the Earth moves around the Sun. 王老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

一. 用合适的连接词完成下列句子。

1. Do you know （ ） came up with the idea of bicycle sharing?

2. Eddie’s parents wanted to know （ ） he was doing.

3. Can you tell me （ ） you didn’t come to the Fitness Club yesterday?

4. Let me show you （ ） you can make a video with the help of the phone.

5. Don’t worry. The policeman will tell us （ ） the nearest hospital is.

二. 根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空词数不限。

1. 我不知道妈妈什么时候会回来。

I don’t know （ ） .

2. 丽萨正在向她的老师解释她为什么又迟到了。

Lisa is explaining to her teacher （ ） again.

3. 能告诉我你最喜欢什么颜色吗？

Could you tell me （ ） ?

4. 我不确定他们昨天是什么时候离开的。

I am not sure （ ） yesterday.

5. 李娜想知道她的哥哥在等谁。

Li Na wanted to know （ ） .

三. 单项选择。

( ) 1. — Could you tell us （ ） ?

— About half an hour ago.

A. when did you see the girl

B. that you saw the girl

C. where you saw the girl

D. when you saw the girl

( ) 2. — I don’t know （ ） next week.

— By plane. I saw them book the airline tickets the other day.

A. how are they going to London

B. how they are going to London

C. how they were going to London

D. how were they going to London

Key:

一. 1. who

2. what

3. why

4. how

5. where

二.1. when Mum will come back

2. why she was late

3. what colour you like best

4. when they left

5. who/whom her brother was waiting for

三. 1-2 DB

归纳总结

宾语从句除了由that, if/whether引导外，还可以由连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）和连接副词（when, where, why, how）等引导。连接代词和连接副词本身具有实际意义，且在从句中充当句子成分，故不能省略。

温馨提示：

1. 宾语从句需使用陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。

2. 当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句不受主句影响，可用任何时态；主句是一般过去时时，宾语从句通常用表示过去的某种时态。

3. Could you tell me …?等表示委婉请求的问句中，could不表示过去，因此从句的时态不受其影响。